In the previous article, we have made many detailed description the concept of leap seconds, this time, we want to render, and is the most mysterious leap seconds, is the most important part-the inner source of leap seconds. We try to use as detailed as possible, to reveal the mechanical movement of the structure of how synergies achieved in seconds.
Although the external manifestation of leap seconds are so similar, are reflected in a second jump, but on the way, different brands and watches is the difference. Here, we will classify the different mechanisms in a specific rule and interpretation for members in each category, you quickly understand the jumping seconds this complex structure. (Note: the category name and structure names, in order to avoid obscure, in simple naming)
Constant power jumping seconds (silk hold up type)
Many tables are heard "constant power" of the word, often with a "constant power" structure, on behalf of the complex. "Constant power" also has a variety of ways, the most common is the "Silk hold up", that is, an extra energy stored in the spring, when the setting is reached, and then release, this easy to implement each escapement accept or release energy is constant. Constant power jumping seconds, is actually in the escapement after you allocate your energy, alone with a spring that energy stored and released to the gear train, and thus achieve the leap seconds. In simple terms, all leap seconds wristwatch mechanism in the spring if you skip seconds, then dynamic principles are considered to be constant.
Chezard 115/116 second movement
Carrying Chezard movement 116 Doxa watches
Chezard is the first leap seconds mechanism implemented in the wristwatch movement movement factory, unfortunately, the factory closed in 60 of the last century has been, but it's two most important leap seconds movement (115/116/117, 7400/7402), has deeply influenced the development of this feature for some time after. Chezard Chezard 116 and 115 for the same mechanism of leap seconds movement, has been used by a lot of brands, including the Doxa, Werba, Moser, Candino etc.
Chezard movement 115 jumping seconds mechanisms, is typical of the constant dynamic structure of leap seconds.
Chezard movement 116 (115 no diagram 1 structure of the stopwatch, the rest are the same)
1-the escape wheel planet gear
2-paddle wheel
Independent 3-second round
4-the constant force spring
5-second hand round
Chezard 116 and a jump in the second mechanism, the core is marked in the figure 1/2/3/4 the four structures. There are some special structure, one is the escape wheel planet gear 1, the planetary gear is fixed at the bottom of the escapement wheels, the other is a paddle wheel 2, it has six "paddle", every "paddle" has a PIN at the bottom. In addition, the constant force spring 4 medial distal connects to a central axis, this axis is the axis of the second-round at the bottom, which means constant power spring 4 connect one end of a second round, and the other end uses and the spiral barrel walls connected in the same way independent seconds 3. Paddle wheel gear meshing to be independent of the Centre at the bottom of the 2 seconds 3.
These components are the consecutive second round, the output for a second jump?
Movement in the course of normal operation, wind energy output through the gear train directly to an independent second round below 3 seconds, the second wheel and escapement wheel is directly connected to escape the balance wheel Hairspring system to provide energy. When the second round of the counterclockwise rotation, with the Hairspring system's Energy Division, drives the escape wheel to Rotate clockwise, thus the escapement wheel above the planet will be uniform rotation clockwise, rely on a PIN, planetary gear teeth will get stuck one blade of the paddle wheels make it move slowly. And because the paddle wheels cannot be spun, and independent second round 3 is relatively fixed, but the second round has been in the rotation, so the constant force spring 4 will save energy.
Dang planet round 1 through must angle zhihou, PIN on will from planet round of control, at paddle shaped round, and independent seconds round are get moments of free, constant power spring 4 quickly release energy, makes independent seconds round 3 fast turned, paddle shaped round while quickly turned, dang turned had a grid of gap Hou, Xia a "paddle" of PIN on will again was planet round card live, such on achieved has a grid of instant jumped. Independent second after round 3 the radian energy will be passed to the second round by round 5, implement pointer jump one space. So here's the key, just to control the paddle wheel turns one is 1 second, meaning that planets rotating a lattice on the escape wheel is 1 second, then the escape wheel RADIUS and number of teeth and the radius of the planet and proportional control of tooth number properly, you can.
LeCoultre watch 770 movement jumped geophysical Observatory seconds mechanism
Geophysical Observatory watches, is the focus of product this year, already have before, but this year have increased "seconds" and the world time feature that much concern. To this end, LeCoultre developed 770 second movement, this movement so far, no detailed explanation of the mechanism, the only way to see, is its patented balance and somewhat mysterious independent structure of leap seconds.
LeCoultre calibre 770 solution composition
However, under the existing mechanism, its two core structures of 1 and 2 with Chezard 115 mechanism is very similar to but not the same. 770 structure 2 close to the location of the dial Center of the movement, it is independent of the structure of second round of leap seconds. Using both a lever spring instead of paddle wheels, so as to achieve the purpose of leap seconds. This mechanism in the second round is very special, it gears on each side of the central axis, connects two sets of gear train, set to normal when a group used to jumping seconds, spring giving two sets of gear train provide energy.
Andreas Strehler jumping seconds wrist watch
This is constant power jumping second agency is currently one of the most interesting, it is already very complex, but compared with the universal constant motivation tourbillons jumping seconds mechanism is less. The constant power seconds system, inspired by famous Souverain F.P.Journe Tourbillon, Souverain Tourbillon itself is a constant dynamic systems, and an independent watchmaker Andreas Strehler have learned many elements, creating a constant power jumping seconds mechanism similar to Yu Tuofei round. So, this mechanism is how to implement leap seconds?
Take a look at it the complete process, of course, not necessary to understand by this image, then the author will detail the whole process.
Exterior view of the structure is easily confused He Tuofei round, because Andreas Strehler to look pretty, "shameless" canceled the second, also made star indicates that the structure of the second round, coupled with the Ruby pin, it is easy to think that this is the escapement wheel, plus there was a spring with curves at the end.
Jumping seconds this is its whole structure, from the beginning of the table layout can be seen, this structure is the balance wheel Hairspring system "next door to the old King," was the escape wheel directly. First name: 1 refers to the spring, directly connected to the lower end, and second-round 4 at the top and the connect indicator 2, indicator 2 in the blue part of the framework fixed by two screws and spring pile; 3 is fixed to the Ruby pin rod, one end attached to a Ruby, with one end fixed on the axis of 4 in the second round.
On this diagram shaft diagram, 1/2/3/4 ibid. To note here is that the indicator 2 and gemstone pin Rod 3 are separate, indicator 2 is not fixed on the second axle, it is free.
So how are these structures together, jumping seconds?
First, when the second round of 4 receive passed wind energy and clockwise rotation, synchronous thread 1 started with storing energy, and gemstone pin Rod 3 following the second round of 41 with the rotation, because Ruby pin Rod 3 Ruby PIN is not out at the end of Planetary gears, indicator 2 does not turn.
Secondly, with the second rotation of the wheels 4, gemstone pin bar 3 in rotation, Spring 1 at saving energy, until 3 Ruby pin from the planet at the end of time, indicator 2 free at this time, due to the relatively fixed at the lower end of the spring 1, energy can only be connected at the top of the spring free indicator to indicate release, at which point indicator 2 instantaneous. Planetary gear on the second plate frame twirl, next gear of the planetary gear rotation, just stuck by Ruby PIN.
This completes one cycle after cycle. Due to the large spring savings of energy, so when the indicator 2 beats as well as the planet rotates, it's hard to see it move.
In this system, wind energy passed to the second round, part was passed to the escape wheel to compensate for the energy loss in the balance wheel swings, some is stored in the jumping seconds in the spring, for the indicator "bounce", therefore sharing is actually a set of energy. Due to the huge energy consumption, so the movement is equipped with two barrel. This disadvantage is more noticeable, because the energy used, easily lead to control precision of escapement of energy, jumped second structure affects the accuracy of the balance wheel Hairspring system, and lose more energy in the process.
Escapement brake structure of leap seconds
This pattern before and different, escapement brake jumping second structure is through the escapement achieved second braking method within the movement, there are also a few different mechanisms, of which the most famous is an independent escapement mechanism of leap seconds. Independent escapement seconds is jumping seconds mechanism independent of the original system, a very important measure, is the energy transport is independent of each other, means jumping seconds mechanism does not affect the normal accuracy will not thin out go to wind energy. Here One of the most typical representatives are Gr which nefeld Herz watches.
●Grönefeld One Herz
Gr which nefeld first One Herz watches should be in 2010, when named One Herz 1912 since opening the era of Gr which nefeld brand of leap seconds, and the establishment of the first dedicated to skip the second series featuring--One Herz. Watch and jump on the many seconds, so a very small brand, with One Herz fame not because it established a separate series, but its model structure called the jumping seconds mechanism. Hu s favorite table style
This is the core component of Gr which nefeld One Herz movement chart.
1-the escape wheel
2--second round
3-second axle wheel (for ease of understanding)
4-brake Cross (four forks w)
Independent 5-second round
Jump 6-second round
7 ¬-three-wheel (wheel)
From the chart, it is easy to find, of which it is made up of two power transmission chain, with 4 brake fork as a demarcation point. Even less 6-5-4 the energy chain, can still rely on the 7-2-1 continue normally, that is to say, in this movement, leap seconds are extra features and can even take off. The biggest characteristic of this is it is so promising, of course, this structure is not a branding initiative, in fact, it is derived from the 17th century the Anchor escapement (that is, the anchor escapement clock), and an independent vision of the energy chain Pocket Watch also has a precedent.
This structure and how to implement leap seconds? Actually principle is simple, most core of component is 2 and 3, dang 1 segmentation finished energy Hou, seconds round 2 began according to captured longitudinal round 1 of frequency turned, and seconds axle round 3 and seconds round 2 is completely synchronization of, thus seconds axle round 3 also in regularity turned, and is seconds round 2 and seconds axle round 3 tooth number Zhijian of proportion control, just makes seconds round 3 turned had a grid is 1 seconds. Movement at 21600vph, at 3hz, second round 2 round 3 is about 3/1/s wheel axle. Then the next is simple, by 4 fork escapement lever 4 Watt jump seconds this frequency is passed directly to the independent second round 5 on the line. Subsequently, jumped second round 5 beats per second.
Rolex True-Beat structure of leap seconds
Rolex for Tiffany 6556 True-Beat wrist watch
Since Rolex in 1954 to publish Ture-Beat, though not how significant achievements, however, due to scarcity of production, Rolex has recorded only a jumping second models, so now it is very popular at auction.
Rolex Cal.1040 movement, the same structure as an independent escapement jump seconds, but simple, it has no independent energy supply chain, simply in the original was converted on the second round, added a release catch to control second hop along. If, as shown in the second round 1 adding a round 2, round 2 through a bumper spring 3 and the PIN is tested drives. Cam pin 4 is fixed on the turn 1 and cam pin and round 2 hollow circular space is a certain amount of space.
Specifically, when the wheel 1 counterclockwise rotation, due to the escapement lever 5 Bay, round 2 could not be moved, so bars spring 3 will move with the protruding pin 4 and bending formation of elastic potential energy. When the cam pin 4 moves from the top to the circular hole at the bottom, through the internal mechanism of the escapement lever 5 release to contain, round 2 to forward, and accurate control of the escapement lever 5 quick reset, again tied round 2, achieve the unlocking and instantaneous stop of round 2. Round 2 directly connected seconds, just realized seconds. But this disadvantage is quite clear that after the damage has almost scrapped, difficult to repair, so Rolex stopped production of this movement later.
Pawl-jumping seconds
In today's most common jumps in the second mechanism, the constant power jumping seconds, in addition to the above mentioned mechanisms, is the pawl-jumping seconds, which is also famous for its top-niche brand Arnold and Son Arno table one of the common structure. In articles beginning, we told had Chezard has two generation most important of jumped seconds movement, a is Chezard 115/116, a is Chezard 7400/7402, which which is pawl type jumped seconds structure, and is currently jumped seconds mechanism in the with of up of structure, Pei na sea only jumped seconds wrist table PAM 080 used of is to Chezard 7400 (7402 for its with calendar version) for prototype of jumped seconds movement.
●Chezard 7400/7402
Following Chezard 115 series jumped after the second movement, Chezard movement factory again after developing a completely different from 115 series--7400 series of leap seconds mechanism. More important is, 7400 movement compared to 115 movement structure was much simpler, and works equally well, since its introduction, many brands, Thunder is out after 115 series movement. The movement low failure rate, the cost is low, essentially just 115 jump key second movement of the substrate structure has changed, the main drive wheel at the bottom did not change significantly.
Officine Panerai Watches launched in 2001 PAM 080 seconds (Cap 160)
In 2001, Panerai has published a 18K white gold wristwatch, numbered PAM 080, case size 42 mm, internal carrying Chezard 7400 manual winding movement, limited to 160, which look like they are Panerai Watches only jump one by one second.
Carrying Chezard movement 7400 OLMA watches
Chezard 7400 movement mechanism of leap seconds, compared to simpler Chezard 115, it's actually a core structure, it is the middle of the pawls. The pawl has a one-piece Rod spring, lever spring ends by screws on the movement plates. Shang figure movement in the, movement surface has two a size consistent of gear, middle on clip with this with a small gear of pawl, pawl directly lock live right of seconds round, left of seconds round is in uniform of turned, due to two a gear middle of small gear and pawl connected, is can mobile of, this on will forced small gear Shang moved, pawl also will Shang moved, until mobile a angle zhihou, pawl eventually from right seconds round, led seconds round quickly turned, is in pawl from of Shi, due to pawl Rod spring of role, will pawl back in situ, Lock to the right seconds again.
The process is not complicated, but it also has its problems, and that is how to precisely control the pawl release interval is 1 second, which involves complicated angles, intensity calculation. This structural advantage is low cost, easy maintenance, the effect is good, but the disadvantage is obvious, gear and pawl friction is very frequent, resulting in more energy consumption, easy to wear and gear and pawl, also produces metal filings.
Arnold and Son Arno DSTB (Dial Side True Beat)
Arnold and Son Arno was a very small minority of watchmaking brands, but due to its extraordinary creativity, in Haute neighborhoods are also popular. Arno table for leap seconds seemed to have paranoid pursuits, in addition to complex functional and artistic addition to under the table, estimate jumping second watch is most abundant products under the brand, just different style close to ten, not to mention there are two sets of leap seconds enamel table.
DSTB is one of the more interesting models, 2014 in order to commemorate the 250 anniversary of the birth of the brand, this year they changed the material out of the one. According to its literal meaning, should be translated as "eccentric seconds", its charm lies in its Chezard 7400 pawl-jump second structure on the disk (this and Glashutte Original disk dual gooseneck trimmer have similar interests), and then modified and added decoration, so it is confusing.
1--second round
2-the brake pawl
3-brake spring
Jump 4-wheel
5-the wheel
6-brake lever
7-anchor rod
Are familiar with Chezard movement caliber 7400/7402 after operation law, Arno the DSTB watch mechanism is very easy to understand. Greatest difference only lies in the brake spring. Chezard movement 7400, brake spring and pulley are one, and here is separated from the Chezard 7400 brake spring is straight and DSTB brake spring is bent, tension is also contrary to the direction.
During the operation, second round 1-uniform rotation clockwise, because brake pawl 2 role, jumping round 4 stationary, making 5 counterclockwise rotation of the pulley and was forced to move down, 3 reverse bending brake Springs, forming elastic tension. Moving at 6 o'clock when brake forks after a distance, gem pawl out of the jumping round 4, jumping round 4 after winding torque instantaneous, and 3 at the same time the brake spring brake pawl 2 back in situ, jammed the jumping round 4 again. Anchor-shaped bar 7 throughout the process, the only balance and decorative effect, substance use is very low. Is in need of attention, the brake lever 6 mounted brake pawl 2 and below, brake spring on the brake lever 6, and brake Springs 3 itself was not straight, but curved inward, so as the brake fork moves, will have to push back on the inside of the brake spring tension.
In addition, with the increase in accuracy and durability requirements, brake pawl from Chezard metal into precious stones, in order to reduce friction.
Large complex seconds--a constant motivation tourbillons jumping seconds mechanism
All jump in the second mechanism, should be the most complex, it is a constant motivation tourbillons jumping seconds mechanism, such structures are rare, only a few pocket watches and rare watches. Among them, in 2013, the IWC launched engineers a constant force Tourbillon Watch (which makers in 2011 in Portugal is introduced in the series), is very typical of the constant motivation tourbillons jumping seconds mechanism. In fact, although the same constant power structure, but the author is separate to the opening of silk hold up by constant power structure, because it is more complicated, and it is not based on the extra spring of.
IWC constant motivation tourbillons jumping seconds mechanism
As the "engineers" of real meaning as, "with most simple of structure solution most complex of problem", is called big complex function, main reflected in two a aspects: a, it is zhiqian by mentioned of Gr which nefeld One Herz wrist table of independent captured longitudinal jumped seconds mechanism of height aggregate; II, it will this aggregate body clever of loaded to has Tourbillon flywheel among.
This is the universal constant motivation tourbillons mechanism analysis of the core components of a table. Are Gr which say it nefeld structure the height of an aggregate One Herz jumped seconds, because it will be 30-tooth One Herz watches the second axle wheel directly into the triangle on the escape wheel gears, brake forks into a concave notch at one end, jumping second round into the essence of the brake gear so it also is the addition of an escapement braking system.
However, it and the Gr which nefeld One Herz is different, all of the system and there is no independent, but aggregation in a Tourbillon, eventually connecting Tourbillon escape wheel is not in the traditional structure of the framework, but the brake gear. Despite the escape wheel is continuously rotating instead of beating, but jumped the framework of Tourbillon, turned, this is all a constant motivation tourbillons jumping second principle of the mechanism.
Summary: jumping the second mechanism has so far almost 250 years, from the simple to the complex, thousands of structures, it is difficult to all, which embodies the infinite possibilities of mechanical science. Yes, the infinite possibilities of mechanical science, it is the drive for leap seconds mechanism apart, is not mechanical watchmaking industry as a whole source of motivation?
Jumping seconds Tourbillon movement energy watches Wan Guoyuan dynamic mystery
